Chevrolet Silverado 2024
Versiones, desempeño, equipamiento, consumo, seguridad y problemas conocidos, con sus ventajas y desventajas frente a modelos similares 2024.

- Clase
- Pickup grande (4WD)
- Carrocerías
- 1500 Reg Cab L/Box 2WD, 1500 Reg Cab L/Box 4WD, 1500 Reg Cab S/Box 2WD, 1500 Reg Cab S/Box 4WD
- Motores
- 3.0L 6 cil. turbo, 2.7L 4 cil. turbo, 5.3L 8 cil., 6.2L 8 cil.
- Tracción
- Tracción total (AWD), Tracción trasera, Tracción 4x4
- Combustible
- Eléctrico, Diésel, Gasolina regular, FFV, Gasolina premium
- MPG (mejor)
- 26 combinadas · 23 ciudad / 29 carretera
- Autonomía eléctrica
- 450 mi · 11 h a 240 V
- Largo
- 211–241.3 in
- Peso en vacío
- 4,409–4,868 lb
- Calificación NHTSA
- Sin calificar
- Retiros
- 12 campañas
Ventajas y desventajas
Lo bueno
- Excelente consumo de combustibleHasta 26 MPG combinadas: un 42 % mejor que el promedio de su clase (pickup grande, 2024: 18.3 MPG).
- Gran autonomía eléctricaHasta 450 millas por carga (EPA).
- Disponible en versión eléctricaSe ofrece en versión eléctrica además de gasolina.
- Tracción total / 4x4 disponible
A tener en cuenta
- Muchas quejas de propietarios542 quejas ante la NHTSA frente a unas 31 de modelos similares; sobre todo por problemas de motor.
- Retiro con aviso de "estacionar afuera"Verifica que la reparación del retiro esté hecha antes de comprarlo o manejarlo.
Calculado con datos de la EPA, la NHTSA y vPIC frente a 5 modelos similares 2024; no es una reseña. Cómo lo calculamos →
Resumen
El Chevrolet Silverado 2024 es una pickup grande disponible con 4 motores (3.0L 6 cil. turbo, 2.7L 4 cil. turbo, 5.3L 8 cil. y 6.2L 8 cil.), con tracción total (AWD), tracción trasera y tracción 4x4.
Mide unas 230 pulgadas de largo y 81 de ancho, con una distancia entre ejes de 139 pulgadas, y pesa alrededor de 4,500 lb (1500 Reg Cab L/Box 2WD).
La EPA califica su versión más eficiente con 26 MPG combinadas (23 en ciudad / 29 en carretera), un 42 % mejor que el promedio de su clase (pickup grande, 2024: 18.3 MPG), con un gasto estimado de $1,150 al año en combustible.
La versión eléctrica tiene una autonomía EPA de hasta 450 millas y tarda unas 11 horas en cargarse con un cargador de nivel 2 (240 V).
La NHTSA no ha publicado una calificación general de 5 estrellas para este año modelo.
Tiene 12 campañas de retiro registradas y los propietarios han presentado 542 quejas ante la NHTSA desde 2015, sobre todo por problemas de motor.
Novedades del 2024
- Nueva versión 100 % eléctrica
Comparado con 2023; no incluye cambios de versiones, equipamiento ni precio. Ver el Silverado 2023 →
Versiones, desempeño y equipamiento
Versiones
Seguridad y asistencias al conductor
Fabricado en: Silao, Mexico · Fort Wayne, Indiana · Oshawa, Ontario
NHTSA vPIC, según el fabricante, para 5 configuraciones del Silverado 2024; puede no incluir todas las versiones. Cómo lo calculamos →
Dimensiones y peso
| Carrocería | Largo | Ancho | Alto | Distancia entre ejes | Vía del. / tras. | Peso en vacío | Peso del./tras. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1500 Reg Cab L/Box 2WD | 229.5 in | 81.1 in | 75.6 in | 139.4 in | 68.1 / 68.1 in | 4,500 lb | |
| 1500 Reg Cab L/Box 4WD | 229.5 in | 81.1 in | 75.6 in | 139.4 in | 68.1 / 68.1 in | 4,751 lb | |
| 1500 Reg Cab S/Box 2WD | 211 in | 81.1 in | 75.6 in | 126.4 in | 68.1 / 68.1 in | 4,409 lb | |
| 1500 Reg Cab S/Box 4WD | 211 in | 81.1 in | 75.6 in | 126.4 in | 68.1 / 68.1 in | 4,630 lb | |
| 1500 Crew Cab M/Box 2WD | 241.3 in | 81.1 in | 75.6 in | 156.7 in | 68.1 / 68.1 in | 4,674 lb | |
| 1500 Crew Cab M/Box 4WD | 241.3 in | 81.1 in | 75.6 in | 156.7 in | 68.1 / 68.1 in | 4,868 lb |
Transport Canada CVS (Open Government Licence – Canada), medidas del mercado canadiense.
¿Cabe en tu garaje? Compruébalo con tus medidas →Motores, consumo y costo de uso
| Versión | Motor | Transmisión | Tracción | Ciudad / Carr. / Comb. | vs. su clase | Combustible / año | CO₂ g/mi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Silverado EV Eléctrico | 189 and 189 kW ACPM | Automática (A1) | Tracción total (AWD) | 393 mi · 50.5346 kWh/100mi | – | $1,150 | – |
| Silverado EV Eléctrico | 191 kW ACPM | Automática (A1) | Tracción total (AWD) | 450 mi · 53.3826 kWh/100mi | – | $1,200 | – |
| Silverado 2WD Diésel | 3.0L 6 cil. turbo | Automática 10-spd | Tracción trasera | 23 / 29 / 26 | +31% | $3,700 | 397 |
| Silverado 4WD Diésel | 3.0L 6 cil. turbo | Automática 10-spd | Tracción 4x4 | 23 / 27 / 24 | +31% | $4,000 | 416 |
| Silverado 4WD Diésel | 3.0L 6 cil. turbo | Automática 10-spd | Tracción 4x4 | 21 / 24 / 23 | +26% | $4,150 | 450 |
| Silverado Mud Terrain Tires 4WD Diésel | 3.0L 6 cil. turbo | Automática 10-spd | Tracción 4x4 | 21 / 23 / 22 | +20% | $4,350 | 463 |
| Silverado Mud Terrain Tires 4WD Diésel | 3.0L 6 cil. turbo | Automática 10-spd | Tracción 4x4 | 21 / 23 / 22 | +20% | $4,350 | 471 |
| Silverado 4WD ZR2 Diésel | 3.0L 6 cil. turbo | Automática 10-spd | Tracción 4x4 | 20 / 22 / 21 | +15% | $4,550 | 484 |
| Silverado 2WD | 2.7L 4 cil. turbo | Automática 8-spd | Tracción trasera | 18 / 22 / 20 | +1% | $3,350 | 453 |
| Silverado 2WD | 2.7L 4 cil. turbo | Automática 8-spd | Tracción trasera | 17 / 21 / 19 | -4% | $3,550 | 470 |
| Silverado 4WD | 2.7L 4 cil. turbo | Automática 8-spd | Tracción 4x4 | 18 / 21 / 19 | +4% | $3,550 | 468 |
| Silverado 2WD FFV | 5.3L 8 cil. | Automática 10-spd | Tracción trasera | 16 / 20 / 18 | -9% | $3,700 | 496 |
| Silverado 2WD | 5.3L 8 cil. | Automática 10-spd | Tracción trasera | 16 / 21 / 18 | -9% | $3,700 | 490 |
| Silverado 2WD | 5.3L 8 cil. | Automática 10-spd | Tracción trasera | 16 / 22 / 18 | -9% | $3,700 | 489 |
| Silverado 4WD | 2.7L 4 cil. turbo | Automática 8-spd | Tracción 4x4 | 17 / 19 / 18 | -2% | $3,700 | 506 |
| Silverado 4WD FFV | 5.3L 8 cil. | Automática 10-spd | Tracción 4x4 | 15 / 19 / 17 | -7% | $3,950 | 524 |
| Silverado Mud Terrain Tires 4WD FFV | 5.3L 8 cil. | Automática 10-spd | Tracción 4x4 | 15 / 19 / 17 | -7% | $3,950 | 524 |
| Silverado 4WD | 6.2L 8 cil. | Automática 10-spd | Tracción 4x4 | 15 / 20 / 17 | -7% | $4,850 | 527 |
| Silverado 4WD | 5.3L 8 cil. | Automática 10-spd | Tracción 4x4 | 15 / 19 / 17 | -7% | $3,950 | 535 |
| Silverado 4WD | 5.3L 8 cil. | Automática 10-spd | Tracción 4x4 | 15 / 20 / 17 | -7% | $3,950 | 517 |
| Silverado Mud Terrain Tires 4WD | 2.7L 4 cil. turbo | Automática 8-spd | Tracción 4x4 | 16 / 17 / 17 | -7% | $3,950 | 534 |
| Silverado 2WD | 5.3L 8 cil. | Automática 10-spd | Tracción trasera | 15 / 19 / 16 | -19% | $4,200 | 546 |
| Silverado 4WD | 5.3L 8 cil. | Automática 10-spd | Tracción 4x4 | 15 / 19 / 16 | -13% | $4,200 | 546 |
| Silverado Mud Terrain Tires 4WD | 5.3L 8 cil. | Automática 10-spd | Tracción 4x4 | 15 / 19 / 16 | -13% | $4,200 | 546 |
| Silverado Mud Terrain Tires 4WD | 5.3L 8 cil. | Automática 10-spd | Tracción 4x4 | 15 / 18 / 16 | -13% | $4,200 | 555 |
| Silverado Mud Terrain Tires 4WD | 5.3L 8 cil. | Automática 10-spd | Tracción 4x4 | 15 / 18 / 16 | -13% | $4,200 | 545 |
| Silverado Cab Chassis 2WD | 5.3L 8 cil. | Automática 10-spd | Tracción trasera | 15 / 18 / 16 | -26% | $4,200 | 545 |
| Silverado Mud Terrain Tires 4WD | 2.7L 4 cil. turbo | Automática 8-spd | Tracción 4x4 | 16 / 17 / 16 | -13% | $4,200 | 542 |
| Silverado Mud Terrain Tires 4WD | 6.2L 8 cil. | Automática 10-spd | Tracción 4x4 | 14 / 17 / 15 | -18% | $5,500 | 590 |
| Silverado 4WD ZR2 | 6.2L 8 cil. | Automática 10-spd | Tracción 4x4 | 14 / 17 / 15 | -18% | $5,500 | 591 |
| Silverado Cab Chassis 4WD | 5.3L 8 cil. | Automática 10-spd | Tracción 4x4 | 14 / 17 / 15 | – | $4,450 | 577 |
Estimaciones de la EPA; "vs. su clase" compara las MPG combinadas con el promedio 2024 de su clase EPA. Cómo lo calculamos →
Calificaciones de seguridad y tecnología
La NHTSA no ha publicado calificaciones de 5 estrellas para el Chevrolet Silverado 2024.
Pickup grande similares 2024
| Modelo | Mejor MPG / autonomía | General NHTSA | Retiros |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chevrolet Silverado 2024 (este auto) | 26 MPG | Sin calificar | 12 |
| Nissan Frontier 2024 | 21 MPG | Sin calificar | 3 |
| Ford F-150 Lightning 2024 | 320 mi | Sin calificar | 4 |
| Nissan Titan 2024 | 17 MPG | Sin calificar | 2 |
| Ram 1500 2024 | 23 MPG | Sin calificar | 6 |
| GMC Sierra 2024 | 25 MPG | Sin calificar | 8 |
Retiros (12)
Texto oficial de la NHTSA (en inglés).
Neumáticos · 13 ago 2026
Campaña NHTSA 26V530000 · 8 vehículos
- Problema
- General Motors, LLC (GM) is recalling certain 2024-2025 Chevrolet Silverado 2500 and GMC Sierra 2500 vehicles equipped with the enhanced towing option and 20-inch accessory tire/wheel package. The tire information label may state the incorrect rear tire pressure, resulting in underinflated tires and preventing the tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) from displaying a low tire pressure warning.
- Riesgo
- Driving with underinflated tires can increase the risk of a crash.
- Solución
- Dealers will inspect, update the engine control module (ECM) software, apply a tire label overlay, inflate tires to the correct pressure, and perform a tire pressure monitor system (TPMS) re-learn process as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed September 17, 2026. Owners may contact Chevrolet customer service at 1-800-222-1020 or GMC customer service at 1-800-462-8782. GM's number for this recall is N262561970. Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN) involved in this recall became searchable on NHTSA.gov on August 13, 2026.
Frenos hidráulicos › Brake Fluid Low Warning › Switch/Sensor/Float · 12 jun 2025 Estacionar afuera
Campaña NHTSA 25V390000 · 62,468 vehículos
- Problema
- General Motors (GM) is recalling certain 2019-2024 Chevrolet Silverado Medium Duty 4500HD, 5500HD, and 6500HD vehicles. The brake pressure sensor assembly may leak brake fluid into the brake pressure switch and cause a short circuit.
- Riesgo
- An electrical short in the brake pressure switch can overheat the circuit and increase the risk of a fire while driving or parked.
- Solución
- Owners are advised to park outside and away from structures until the recall repair is complete. Dealers will replace the brake pressure switch wire harness, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed September 11, 2025. Owners may contact GM customer assistance number at 1-866-467-9700. GM's number for this recall is N242482680. Vehicles in this recall that were previously repaired under 23V266 will need to have the new remedy completed.
Motor y refrigeración › Motor › Hard Parts Internal/Mechanical · 24 abr 2025
Campaña NHTSA 25V274000 · 597,571 vehículos
- Problema
- General Motors LLC (GM) is recalling certain 2021-2024 Cadillac Escalade and Escalade ESV, Chevrolet Silverado 1500, Suburban, and Tahoe, GMC Sierra 1500, Yukon, and Yukon XL vehicles equipped with a 6.2L V8 gas engine. The connecting rod and/or crankshaft engine components may have manufacturing defects that can lead to engine damage and engine failure.
- Riesgo
- Engine failure increases the risk of a crash.
- Solución
- Dealers will inspect the engine, and as necessary, repair or replace the engine. For vehicles that pass inspection, dealers will add higher viscosity oil, install 6 oil fill cap, replace the oil filter, and update the owner's manual. Repairs will be performed free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed June 18, 2025. Owners may contact Cadillac customer service at 1-800-333-4223, Chevrolet customer service at 1-800-222-1020, or GMC customer service at 1-800-462-8782. GM's number for this recall is N252494000.
Cinturones de seguridad › Rear/Other › Anchorage · 16 ene 2025
Campaña NHTSA 25V015000 · 5 vehículos
- Problema
- General Motors, LLC (GM) is recalling certain 2024 Chevrolet Silverado EV and 2024-2025 GMC Sierra EV pickup trucks. The bolt that secures the rear center seat belt assembly to the seat structure may not have been properly tightened.
- Riesgo
- An improperly secured seat belt assembly may not restrain an occupant as intended, increasing the risk of injury in a crash.
- Solución
- GM will tighten the bolt that attaches the center seat belt assembly to the rear seat structure, free of charge. All affected vehicles are still in dealer inventory and, therefore, no owner letters will be mailed. Owners may contact GM customer service at 1-888-988-7267, or Chevrolet customer service at 1-800-222-1020. GM's number for this recall is N242489901.
Cerraduras y seguros › Tailgate › Latch · 26 nov 2024
Campaña NHTSA 24V894000 · 131,231 vehículos
- Problema
- General Motors, LLC (GM) is recalling certain 2024 Chevrolet Silverado HD 2500, 3500, and GMC Sierra HD 2500, 3500 vehicles equipped with power-unlatching tailgates. The tailgate's electronic gate-release switch may short circuit due to water intrusion, which can result in the tailgate inadvertently unlatching while the vehicle is in Park.
- Riesgo
- An unlatched tailgate may open and result in a loss of unsecured cargo, creating a road hazard and increasing the risk of a crash.
- Solución
- Owners are advised to check that the tailgate is closed and latched before driving. Dealers will replace the exterior touchpad switch assemblies, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed December 17, 2024. Owners may contact Chevrolet customer service at 1-800-222-1020 or GMC customer service at 1-800-462-8782. GM's number for this recall is N242469160. This recall is an expansion of NHTSA Recall 24V-060.
Bolsas de aire › Air Bag/Restraint Control Module › Software · 2 oct 2024
Campaña NHTSA 24V738000 · 25 vehículos
- Problema
- General Motors, LLC (GM) is recalling certain 2024 Chevrolet Silverado Medium Duty 4500HD, 5500HD, 6500HD vehicles. The air bag sensing and diagnostic module (SDM) may not have been activated during installation.
- Riesgo
- Inactive air bags will not deploy in a crash, increasing the risk of injury.
- Solución
- A Navistar technician will activate the air bag module, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed November 1, 2024. Owners may contact Chevrolet customer service at 1-800-222-1020. GM's number for this recall is N242477760.
Enganche de remolque · 21 ago 2024
Campaña NHTSA 24V626000 · 38 vehículos
- Problema
- OEM Systems, LLC (OEM) is recalling certain 2024 Chevrolet Silverado vehicles. The rear bumper mounting bracket may not be sufficient for towing, which can allow the towed trailer to detach from the vehicle.
- Riesgo
- A trailer that detaches from a vehicle while driving increases the risk of a crash.
- Solución
- OEM will replace the rear bumper mounting bracket and hitch, free of charge. Owner notification letters are expected to be mailed in August 2024. Owners may contact OEM customer service at 1-800-810-7252.
Sistema eléctrico › Propulsion System · 9 may 2024
Campaña NHTSA 24V320000 · 10 vehículos
- Problema
- General Motors, LLC (GM) is recalling certain 2024 Cadillac Lyriq, Chevrolet Blazer EV, Chevrolet Silverado EV, GMC Hummer EV SUV, and GMC Sierra EV vehicles. The electric motors in the rear drive units may have insufficiently insulated wires that can contact each other, resulting in a loss of drive power.
- Riesgo
- A loss of drive power increases the risk of a crash.
- Solución
- Dealers will replace the rear drive unit, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed May 16, 2024. Owners may contact Chevrolet customer service at 1-800-222-1020; Cadillac customer service at 1-800-458-8006; Hummer customer service at 1-800-732-5493; or GMC customer service at 1-800-462-8782. GM's number for this recall is N242447080.
Cinturones de seguridad › Rear/Other · 8 feb 2024
Campaña NHTSA 24V087000 · 338 vehículos
- Problema
- General Motors (GM) is recalling certain 2024 Chevrolet Silverado EV vehicles. An incorrect seat belt bezel on the second-row center seat belt may damage or tear the seat belt in the event of a crash.
- Riesgo
- A torn or damaged seat belt may not properly restrain an occupant in a crash, increasing the risk of injury.
- Solución
- Do not allow passengers to sit in the second-row center seat until remedied. Dealers will replace the second-row center seat belt bezel, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed March 13, 2024. Owners may contact Chevrolet customer service at 1-800-222-1020. GM's number for this recall is N242430730.
Cerraduras y seguros › Tailgate › Latch · 1 feb 2024
Campaña NHTSA 24V060000 · 570,434 vehículos
- Problema
- General Motors, LLC (GM) is recalling certain 2020-2024 Chevrolet Silverado 2500, 3500, GMC Sierra 2500 and 3500 vehicles equipped with power-unlatching tailgates. The tailgate's electronic gate-release switch may short circuit due to water intrusion, which can result in the tailgate inadvertently unlatching while the vehicle is in park.
- Riesgo
- An unlatched tailgate may open while driving and result in a loss of unsecured cargo, creating a road hazard and increasing the risk of a crash.
- Solución
- Owners are advised to check that the tailgate is closed and latched before driving. Dealers will replace the exterior touchpad switch assemblies, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed May 17, 2024. Owners may contact Chevrolet customer service at 1-800-222-1020 or GMC customer service at 1-800-462-8782. GM's number for this recall is N232426400.
Cinturones de seguridad › Front › Anchorage · 22 nov 2023
Campaña NHTSA 23V786000 · 115 vehículos
- Problema
- General Motors, LLC (GM) is recalling certain 2023-2024 GMC Hummer EV pick up, 2024 GMC Hummer EV SUV, and 2024 Chevrolet Silverado EV vehicles. The left or right front seat belt buckle attachment bolts may not be tightened properly.
- Riesgo
- An improperly tightened seat belt buckle may not restrain an occupant as intended, increasing the risk of injury during a crash.
- Solución
- Dealers will tighten the left and right front seat belt buckle attachment bolts, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed December 21, 2023. Owners may contact GMC customer service at 1-833-EVCHEVY (1-833-382-4389) (TTY 711 / 1-800-833-2438) /1-833-HUMMER-EV (1-833-486-6373) (TTY 711 / 1-800-833-2438). GM's number for this recall is N232419280.
Dirección · 3 ago 2023
Campaña NHTSA 23V549000 · 3,893 vehículos
- Problema
- General Motors, LLC (GM) is recalling certain 2024 Chevrolet Silverado 2500, 3500, and GMC Sierra 2500, 3500 vehicles. The steering gear shaft may fracture and disconnect from the steering arm.
- Riesgo
- A steering arm that disconnects may result in a total loss of steering control, increasing the risk of a crash.
- Solución
- Dealers will inspect and replace the steering gear, if necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed September 22, 2023. Owners may contact Chevrolet customer service at 1-800-222-1020 or GMC customer service at 1-800-462-8782. GM's number for this recall is N232414720.
No todos los Silverado 2024 están afectados: solo el VIN lo confirma.
Problemas reportados por propietarios
Reportes sin verificar; los más vendidos acumulan más.
Lista para comprar un Chevrolet Silverado 2024 usado
- Consulta el VIN en nhtsa.gov/recalls. 12 retiros en este año: pide comprobantes de reparación.
- Retiro crítico de seguridad. Al menos un retiro tiene aviso de "no conducir" o "estacionar afuera". No lo compres hasta que el VIN muestre que se reparó.
- Motor — 166 reportes de propietarios. Arranca el motor en frío, escucha si golpetea y fíjate en luces de advertencia o titubeos al acelerar.
- Tren motriz — 148 reportes de propietarios. Prueba todas las marchas, incluida la reversa; nota patinazos o cambios bruscos o tardíos.
- Sistema eléctrico — 114 reportes de propietarios. Prueba todas las ventanas, seguros, luces, pantallas y puertos USB; revisa la antigüedad de la batería.
- Millaje a vigilar. Los propietarios suelen reportar problemas alrededor de las 10,900 millas; pregunta qué se reparó cerca de ese punto.
- Salud de la batería. Pide un reporte del estado de la batería, revisa la garantía restante y compara la autonomía al 100 % con las 450 millas de la EPA.
- Antes de pagar: historial de servicio, reporte de antecedentes e inspección de un mecánico independiente.
Generado por DecodedCars a partir de retiros y quejas de propietarios ante la NHTSA para el Chevrolet Silverado 2024. No sustituye una inspección profesional.
Otros años del Silverado
Comparar todos los años →| Año | MPG (mejor) | Largo | General | Retiros | Quejas |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Silverado 2026 | 25 | 241.3 in | Sin calificar | 7 | 147 |
| Silverado 2025 | 26 | 233.1 in | Sin calificar | 4 | 164 |
| Silverado 2023 | 26 | 229.5 in | Sin calificar | 5 | 458 |
| Silverado 2022 | 26 | 241.3 in | Sin calificar | 9 | 778 |
| Silverado 2021 | 27 | 241.3 in | Sin calificar | 12 | 984 |
| Silverado 2020 | 27 | 241.3 in | ★★★★★ | 18 | 902 |
| Silverado 2019 | 21 | 241.3 in | ★★★★★ | 20 | 1,196 |
| Silverado 2018 | 20 | 235.4 in | ★★★★★ | 12 | 598 |
| Silverado 2017 | 20 | 235.4 in | ★★★★★ | 12 | 906 |
| Silverado 2016 | 20 | 235.4 in | ★★★★★ | 15 | 979 |
| Silverado 2015 | 20 | 235.4 in | ★★★★★ | 24 | 1,418 |
| Silverado 2014 | 20 | 235.4 in | ★★★★★ | 22 | 1,502 |
Fuentes: EPA, NHTSA, Transport Canada, Wikimedia Commons. Sin afiliación con la NHTSA, la EPA ni Chevrolet. Cómo lo calculamos →